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Vitamin E
Vitamin E

vitamin

别名: Alpha-Tocopherol, d-Alpha-Tocopherol, Mixed Tocopherols, Tocotrienols

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About





            

                
Vitamin E is the primary lipid-soluble antioxidant in LDL particles and cell membranes. Despite strong mechanistic rationale, large RCTs have been disappointing. The HOPE trial (9,541 participants) found no cardiovascular benefit at 400 IU/day, and a 2005 meta-analysis found high-dose vitamin E (>=400 IU/day) was associated with increased all-cause mortality. Current AHA guidelines do not recommend vitamin E supplementation.

            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
How It Works





            

                
Primary lipid-soluble antioxidant in LDL particles and cell membranes; inhibits LDL oxidation — a key early step in atherogenesis; modulates inflammatory gene expression via NF-kB inhibition; inhibits platelet adhesion and smooth muscle cell proliferation.

            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Evidence For Conditions





            

                

                    

                        
                            

                                健康状况
                                等级
                                研究数量
                                受试者
                                
                            

                        
                        
                            
                            

                                
                                    
                                        Atherosclerosis
                                    
                                
                                
                                    C

                                
                                
                                    15
                                
                                
                                    50000
                                
                                
                                    
                                        查看 →
                                    
                                
                            

                            
                        
                    

                

            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Side Effects





            
    
                
                
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                    Increased bleeding risk at high doses
                
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                    Possible increased all-cause mortality at >=400 IU/day
                
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                    Increased heart failure hospitalization risk (HOPE/HOPE-TOO)
                
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                    Nausea, diarrhea, fatigue at high doses
                
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Drug & Supplement Interactions





            
    
                
                
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                    Anticoagulants (increased bleeding risk)
                
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                    Statins and niacin (may blunt HDL-raising effect)
                
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                    Chemotherapy and radiation (theoretical interference with oxidative mechanisms)
                
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                    Vitamin K (may antagonize at high doses)
                
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Related Ingredients





            

                
                
                    Vitamin D
                    
                
                
                
                    Vitamin K2
                    
                
                
                
                    Niacin (Vitamin B3)
                    
                
                
                
                    Folate (Vitamin B9)
                    
                
                
            

        

        
    


    
    












    

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