Vitamin D untuk High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

C Bukti Bukti terbatas dari studi kecil, namun beberapa sinyal positif ada.

Meta-analyses show modest BP reduction (-2-6 mmHg) in deficient populations only. VITAL trial was negative for cardiovascular endpoints. Research suggests benefits may be limited to correcting deficiency.

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Kesimpulan

Key Study Findings

Observational Study n=2582

Relationship Between Serum Vitamins and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Study Based on the …

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: Cognitive impairment risk Efek: OR=0.695 (Vit D); OR=0.777 (FA) p=0.003 (Vit D); p=0.034 (FA)

Populasi: Elderly participants aged 60+ from NHANES 2011-2014

Observational Study n=72

Cardiovascular Risk and Systemic Inflammation in Alopecia Areata: An Observational Case-control Study.

Dose: None vs: Healthy controls Outcome: CVR and systemic inflammation in alopecia areata Efek: None None

Populasi: 36 AA patients vs 36 matched controls, mean age 39

review

Top studies of 2024 relevant to primary care: From the PEER team.

Dose: None vs: Placebo Efek: None None

Review

Dietary supplements and prevention of preeclampsia.

Dose: 500 mg daily vs: Placebo Outcome: Preeclampsia risk reduction Efek: ~50% risk reduction None

Populasi: Pregnant women with low calcium intake

Observational Study n=2065

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), oxidative stress, and inflammation: implications for immunosenescence and age-related diseases in the MARK-AGE …

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: CMV IgG association with oxidative stress markers Efek: None None

Populasi: Age-stratified general population (MARK-AGE RASIG cohort)

Systematic Review

Interventions for preventing the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Dose: Disease-modifying agents (tolvaptan, etc.) vs: Placebo or standard care Outcome: Kidney disease progression Efek: None None

Populasi: Patients with ADPKD

Key Statistics

Studi

30000

Peserta

↔

Mixed

Peringkat

Referenced Papers

Relationship Between Serum Vitamins and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Study Based on the NHANES Database. Other

Brain and behavior 2026

Dietary supplements and prevention of preeclampsia. Review

Hypertension research : … 2025 10 sitasi

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), oxidative stress, and inflammation: implications for immunosenescence and age-related diseases in the MARK-AGE population. Other

Biogerontology 2025

Top studies of 2024 relevant to primary care: From the PEER team. Review

Canadian family physician … 2025

Cardiovascular Risk and Systemic Inflammation in Alopecia Areata: An Observational Case-control Study. Observational

Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica … 2025

Interventions for preventing the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Systematic Review

The Cochrane database … 2024 1 sitasi

Effects of age and sex on the comorbidities of alopecia areata: A cross-sectional hospital-based study. Other

Health science reports 2023 3 sitasi

Observational and Genetic Associations of Modifiable Risk Factors with Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Prospective Cohort Study of 0.5 Million Participants. Observational

Nutrients 2022 14 sitasi

Sleep status in multiple sclerosis: Role of vitamin D and body mass index. Other

Current journal of … 2022 11 sitasi

Sleep patterns modify the association of 25(OH)D with poor cardiovascular health in pregnant women. Other

Frontiers in nutrition 2022 4 sitasi

Vitamin D levels in primary care patients: correlations with clinical, seasonal, and quality-of-life parameters. Other

Family practice 2022 2 sitasi

Vegan Diet Health Benefits in Metabolic Syndrome. Review

Nutrients 2021 113 sitasi

l-Cysteine Stimulates the Effect of Vitamin D on Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, IL-8, and MCP-1 Secretion in High Glucose Treated … Other

Journal of the … 2021 23 sitasi

Potential of Chlorella as a Dietary Supplement to Promote Human Health. Review

Nutrients 2020 219 sitasi

Vitamin D deficiency changes the intestinal microbiome reducing B vitamin production in the gut. The resulting lack of pantothenic acid … Other

Medical hypotheses 2016 105 sitasi

Nutrient intake, nutritional status, and cognitive function with aging. Review

Annals of the … 2016 89 sitasi

Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Referral Center. Other

International journal of … 2016 28 sitasi

Vitamin D in health and disease: a literature review. Review

British journal of … 2013 156 sitasi

Occurrence of milnacipran-associated morbilliform rash and serotonin toxicity. Case Report

The Annals of … 2013

The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): rationale and design of a large randomized controlled trial of vitamin D and … RCT

Contemporary clinical trials 2012 522 sitasi

Vitamin D and autoimmune disease. Review

Acta medica Indonesiana 2007 4 sitasi

Intensive session: New approaches to medical issues in long-term care. Review

Journal of the … 2007

Sleep behavior disorders in a large cohort of chinese (Taiwanese) patients maintained by long-term hemodialysis. Other

American journal of … 2006

Endometrial effects during hormone replacement therapy with a sequential oestradiol valerate/cyproterone acetate preparation. RCT

Maturitas 1993

Dosage & Usage

mg = milligrams · mcg = micrograms (1,000× smaller) · IU = International Units

Dosis yang Umum Digunakan

general:: 600-800 IU/day
deficiencycorrection:: 4,000-5,000 IU/day (under medical supervision)
cardiovascularsupport:: 1,000-2,000 IU/day

Batas atas: 4,000 IU/day (100 mcg)

Dosis yang Diteliti dalam Penelitian

Dosis	Durasi	Efek	N
None	--	Positive	2582
None	--	Negative	72
None	--	Mixed	--
500 mg daily	--	Positive	--
None	--	Negative	2065
Disease-modifying agents (tolvaptan, etc.)	--	Positive	--
36%	--	Mixed	--
not applicable	--	Neutral	103

Waktu terbaik diminum: With a meal containing fat for better absorption

Safety & Side Effects

Efek Samping yang Dilaporkan

⚠ Hypercalcemia at very high doses (fatigue, nausea, kidney stones)
⚠ Constipation
⚠ Generally very safe at recommended doses

Interaksi yang Diketahui

● Thiazide diuretics (may increase hypercalcemia risk)
● Statins (theoretical interaction via CYP enzymes)
● Corticosteroids (may reduce vitamin D absorption)
● Weight loss medications (may reduce absorption of fat-soluble vitamins)

Asupan atas yang dapat ditoleransi: 4,000 IU/day (100 mcg)

Selalu konsultasikan dengan tenaga kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai suplemen apa pun.Selalu konsultasikan dengan penyedia layanan kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai suplemen apa pun.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Vitamin D help with High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)?

Based on 20 studies with 30,000 participants, there is limited but promising evidence that Vitamin D may support High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) management. Our evidence grade is C (Some Evidence).

How much Vitamin D should I take for High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)?

Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 600-800 IU/day. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Are there side effects of Vitamin D?

Reported side effects may include Hypercalcemia at very high doses (fatigue, nausea, kidney stones), Constipation, Generally very safe at recommended doses. Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.

How strong is the evidence for Vitamin D and High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)?

We rate the evidence as Grade C (Some Evidence). This rating is based on 20 peer-reviewed studies with 30,000 total participants. The overall direction of effect is mixed.

Bahan lain untuk High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

Beetroot Extract A Garlic A Magnesium B Potassium B Quercetin B Grape Seed Extract B

Vitamin D untuk kondisi lain

Heart Failure C

Kesimpulan Singkat

Evidence Strength52%

Moderate confidence

Rincian Studi

RCT (2)Meta (0)Other (18)

Bandingkan Alternatif

Lihat bagaimana bahan lain dibandingkan untuk kondisi ini.

Lihat semua bahan untuk High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

Pelajari Lebih Lanjut

References

[1] Jiarui Miao et al.. Brain Behav. 2026. Relationship Between Serum Vitamins and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Study Based on the NHANES Database. doi:10.1002/brb3.71181 PubMed
[2] Takafumi Ushida et al.. Hypertens Res. 2025. Dietary supplements and prevention of preeclampsia. doi:10.1038/s41440-025-02144-9 PubMed
[3] Laura Cianfruglia et al.. Biogerontology. 2025. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), oxidative stress, and inflammation: implications for immunosenescence and age-related diseases in the MARK-AGE population. doi:10.1007/s10522-025-10288-x PubMed
[4] Samantha S Moe et al.. Can Fam Physician. 2025. Top studies of 2024 relevant to primary care: From the PEER team. doi:10.46747/cfp.7105309 PubMed
[5] Alberto Soto-Moreno et al.. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2025. Cardiovascular Risk and Systemic Inflammation in Alopecia Areata: An Observational Case-control Study. PubMed
[6] Kitty St Pierre et al.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024. Interventions for preventing the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010294.pub3 PubMed
[7] Elham Hamidpour et al.. Health Sci Rep. 2023. Effects of age and sex on the comorbidities of alopecia areata: A cross-sectional hospital-based study. doi:10.1002/hsr2.1444 PubMed
[8] Ninghao Huang et al.. Nutrients. 2022. Observational and Genetic Associations of Modifiable Risk Factors with Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Prospective Cohort Study of 0.5 Million Participants. doi:10.3390/nu14112273 PubMed
[9] Mohammad Yazdchi et al.. Curr J Neurol. 2022. Sleep status in multiple sclerosis: Role of vitamin D and body mass index. doi:10.18502/cjn.v21i2.10489 PubMed
[10] Wan-Jun Yin et al.. Front Nutr. 2022. Sleep patterns modify the association of 25(OH)D with poor cardiovascular health in pregnant women. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1013960 PubMed
[11] Izolde Bouloukaki et al.. Fam Pract. 2022. Vitamin D levels in primary care patients: correlations with clinical, seasonal, and quality-of-life parameters. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmac012 PubMed
[12] Giulia Marrone et al.. Nutrients. 2021. Vegan Diet Health Benefits in Metabolic Syndrome. doi:10.3390/nu13030817 PubMed
[13] Sushil K Jain et al.. J Am Coll Nutr. 2021. l-Cysteine Stimulates the Effect of Vitamin D on Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, IL-8, and MCP-1 Secretion in High Glucose Treated … doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1850371 PubMed
[14] Tomohiro Bito et al.. Nutrients. 2020. Potential of Chlorella as a Dietary Supplement to Promote Human Health. doi:10.3390/nu12092524 PubMed
[15] S C Gominak. Med Hypotheses. 2016. Vitamin D deficiency changes the intestinal microbiome reducing B vitamin production in the gut. The resulting lack of pantothenic acid … doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.07.007 PubMed
[16] Katherine L Tucker. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2016. Nutrient intake, nutritional status, and cognitive function with aging. doi:10.1111/nyas.13062 PubMed
[17] Tee Wei Siah et al.. Int J Trichology. 2016. Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Referral Center. doi:10.4103/0974-7753.188033 PubMed
[18] S Basit. Br J Biomed Sci. 2013. Vitamin D in health and disease: a literature review. doi:10.1080/09674845.2013.11669951 PubMed
[19] Amanda M Huskey et al.. Ann Pharmacother. 2013. Occurrence of milnacipran-associated morbilliform rash and serotonin toxicity. doi:10.1345/aph.1R474 PubMed
[20] Joann E Manson et al.. Contemp Clin Trials. 2012. The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): rationale and design of a large randomized controlled trial of vitamin D and … doi:10.1016/j.cct.2011.09.009 PubMed
[21] Eka Ginanjar et al.. Acta Med Indones. 2007. Vitamin D and autoimmune disease. PubMed
[22] Barbara J Messinger-Rapport et al.. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007. Intensive session: New approaches to medical issues in long-term care. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2007.07.002 PubMed
[23] Wen-Ching Chen et al.. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006. Sleep behavior disorders in a large cohort of chinese (Taiwanese) patients maintained by long-term hemodialysis. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.04.079 PubMed
[24] P R Koninckx et al.. Maturitas. 1993. Endometrial effects during hormone replacement therapy with a sequential oestradiol valerate/cyproterone acetate preparation. doi:10.1016/0378-5122(93)90054-l PubMed

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