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HeartCited

Vitamin E untuk Atherosclerosis

C

Strong mechanistic rationale (LDL oxidation inhibition) but large RCTs (HOPE, GISSI-Prevenzione) show no benefit. Meta-analysis suggests potential harm at >=400 IU/day. AHA does not recommend supplementation.

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            C

        

        

            
Kesimpulan

            
            
Strong mechanistic rationale (LDL oxidation inhibition) but large RCTs (HOPE, GISSI-Prevenzione) show no benefit. Meta-analysis suggests potential harm at >=400 IU/day. AHA does not recommend supplementation.

            
            
        

    











    
    

        
        

            

  
Key Statistics





            


    

        
15

        
Studi

    

    

        
50000

        
Peserta

    

    

        
            
            ↔
            
        
        
Mixed

    

    

        C

        
Peringkat

    




        


        
        

        
        
        

            

  
Dosage & Usage





            
mg = milligrams · mcg = micrograms (1,000× smaller) · IU = International Units


            
            

                
Dosis yang Umum Digunakan

                

                    
                    

                        
note:

                        
High-dose supplementation no longer recommended based on clinical trial evidence

                    

                    
                    

                        
general:

                        
15 mg/day (22.4 IU)

                    

                    
                

                
                

                    Batas atas: 1,000 mg/day (1,500 IU natural, 1,100 IU synthetic)
                

                
            

            

            

            
            

                Waktu terbaik diminum: With meals containing fat
            

            
        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Safety & Side Effects





            

                
                

                    
Efek Samping yang Dilaporkan

                    
    
                        
                        
  • 
                            ⚠
                            Increased bleeding risk at high doses
                        
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                            ⚠
                            Possible increased all-cause mortality at >=400 IU/day
                        
    • 
                        
                        
  • 
                            ⚠
                            Increased heart failure hospitalization risk (HOPE/HOPE-TOO)
                        
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  • 
                            ⚠
                            Nausea, diarrhea, fatigue at high doses
                        
    • 
                        
                    

                

                

                
                

                    
Interaksi yang Diketahui

                    
    
                        
                        
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                            ●
                            Anticoagulants (increased bleeding risk)
                        
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                            ●
                            Statins and niacin (may blunt HDL-raising effect)
                        
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                            Chemotherapy and radiation (theoretical interference with oxidative mechanisms)
                        
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  • 
                            ●
                            Vitamin K (may antagonize at high doses)
                        
    • 
                        
                    

                

                

                
                

                    

                        Asupan atas yang dapat ditoleransi: 1,000 mg/day (1,500 IU natural, 1,100 IU synthetic)
                    

                

                
            

            

                Selalu konsultasikan dengan tenaga kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai suplemen apa pun.Selalu konsultasikan dengan penyedia layanan kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai suplemen apa pun.
            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Frequently Asked Questions





            




    
    

        
            Does Vitamin E help with Atherosclerosis?
            
        
        

            Based on 15 studies with 50,000 participants, there is limited but promising evidence that Vitamin E may support Atherosclerosis management. Our evidence grade is C (Some Evidence).
        

    

    
    

        
            How much Vitamin E should I take for Atherosclerosis?
            
        
        

            Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is High-dose supplementation no longer recommended based on clinical trial evidence. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.
        

    

    
    

        
            Are there side effects of Vitamin E?
            
        
        

            Reported side effects may include Increased bleeding risk at high doses, Possible increased all-cause mortality at >=400 IU/day, Increased heart failure hospitalization risk (HOPE/HOPE-TOO), Nausea, diarrhea, fatigue at high doses. Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.
        

    

    
    

        
            How strong is the evidence for Vitamin E and Atherosclerosis?
            
        
        

            We rate the evidence as Grade C (Some Evidence). This rating is based on 15 peer-reviewed studies with 50,000 total participants. The overall direction of effect is mixed.
        

    

    




        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Related Evidence





            

                
                
                

                
            

        

        

    


    
    












    

        Penafian FDA:
        Pernyataan-pernyataan ini belum dievaluasi oleh Food and Drug Administration. Produk dan informasi di situs web ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk mendiagnosis, mengobati, menyembuhkan, atau mencegah penyakit apa pun. Peringkat bukti yang disajikan didasarkan pada analisis kami terhadap penelitian yang ditinjau sejawat dan tidak merupakan saran medis. Selalu konsultasikan dengan penyedia layanan kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai regimen suplemen apa pun.