What is the recommended dosage for Vitamin D?

General: 600-800 IU/day; Deficiency Correction: 4,000-5,000 IU/day (under medical supervision); Cardiovascular Support: 1,000-2,000 IU/day

What are the side effects of Vitamin D?

Potential side effects include: Hypercalcemia at very high doses (fatigue, nausea, kidney stones), Constipation, Generally very safe at recommended doses.

What is vitamin D and how may it relate to cardiovascular health?

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with receptors in heart and vascular tissue. Observational studies consistently link vitamin D deficiency with increased cardiovascular risk. However, large RCTs including VITAL have not demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation reduces cardiovascular events in the general population.

What dosage of vitamin D has been studied for cardiovascular outcomes?

Clinical trials have used 1,000–4,000 IU of vitamin D3 per day for cardiovascular endpoints. The VITAL trial used 2,000 IU daily for over 5 years. Correcting deficiency (25-OH-D below 20 ng/mL) appears more important than supplementing adequate levels. Dosing should be guided by blood testing.

What are the potential side effects of vitamin D supplements?

Vitamin D is generally safe at recommended doses. Excessive intake can cause hypercalcemia, leading to nausea, kidney stones, and cardiac arrhythmias. Vitamin D may interact with certain heart medications including digoxin (hypercalcemia risk) and thiazide diuretics. Blood calcium levels should be monitored at high supplemental doses.

Vitamin D
Vitamin D

vitamin

Còn được gọi là: Cholecalciferol (D3), Ergocalciferol (D2), Calciferol, Calcidiol

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About

Vitamin D binds to receptors on cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells, regulating calcium handling and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Observational studies show deficiency (<20 ng/mL) is associated with 50-80% increased cardiovascular risk, though the VITAL trial (25,871 participants) found supplementation did not significantly reduce major cardiovascular events.

How It Works

Binds to vitamin D receptors (VDR) on cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells regulating calcium handling and contractile function; modulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) — deficiency upregulates renin contributing to hypertension; suppresses vascular inflammation via NF-kB inhibition; supports endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression.

Evidence For Conditions

Tình trạng	Xếp hạng	Nghiên cứu	Người tham gia
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)	C	20	30000	Xem →
Heart Failure	C	6	3000	Xem →

Side Effects

Hypercalcemia at very high doses (fatigue, nausea, kidney stones)
Constipation
Generally very safe at recommended doses

Drug & Supplement Interactions

Thiazide diuretics (may increase hypercalcemia risk)
Statins (theoretical interaction via CYP enzymes)
Corticosteroids (may reduce vitamin D absorption)
Weight loss medications (may reduce absorption of fat-soluble vitamins)

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Related Ingredients

Vitamin K2 Niacin (Vitamin B3) Folate (Vitamin B9) Vitamin E

Thông tin nhanh

Liều lượng: General: 600-800 IU/day; Deficiency_Correction: 4,000-5,000 IU/day (under medical supervision); Cardiovascular_Support: 1,000-2,000 IU/day
Dạng bào chế: capsule softgel liquid drops tablet gummy
Nguồn tự nhiên: Sunlight (UVB synthesis), Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel), Egg yolks, Fortified milk, UV-exposed mushrooms
Giới hạn trên: 4,000 IU/day (100 mcg)
Thời điểm tốt nhất: With a meal containing fat for better absorption

Tóm tắt bằng chứng

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) C

Heart Failure C

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