What is the recommended dosage for Vitamin E?

Note: High-dose supplementation no longer recommended based on clinical trial evidence; General: 15 mg/day (22.4 IU)

What are the side effects of Vitamin E?

Potential side effects include: Increased bleeding risk at high doses, Possible increased all-cause mortality at >=400 IU/day, Increased heart failure hospitalization risk (HOPE/HOPE-TOO), Nausea, diarrhea, fatigue at high doses.

What is vitamin E and how may it relate to cardiovascular health?

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects lipoproteins from oxidation. While observational studies suggested cardiovascular benefits, large RCTs including HOPE and ATBC did not demonstrate cardiovascular protection from vitamin E supplementation. A meta-analysis suggested high-dose vitamin E (above 400 IU/day) may increase all-cause mortality.

What dosage of vitamin E has been studied for cardiovascular outcomes?

Clinical trials used 100–800 IU of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) per day. The HOPE trial used 400 IU daily for 4.5 years. Current evidence does not support high-dose vitamin E supplementation for cardiovascular prevention. The RDA is 15 mg (22.4 IU) of natural alpha-tocopherol.

What are the potential side effects of vitamin E supplements?

High-dose vitamin E may increase bleeding risk, particularly when combined with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. A meta-analysis found increased all-cause mortality at doses above 400 IU/day. Vitamin E may interact with statins, chemotherapy drugs, and blood thinners. The tolerable upper intake level is 1,000 mg (1,500 IU) of natural alpha-tocopherol.

Vitamin E
Vitamin E

vitamin

También conocido como: Alpha-Tocopherol, d-Alpha-Tocopherol, Mixed Tocopherols, Tocotrienols

𝕏 LinkedIn

<\/script>\n

`; }, get iframeSnippet() { const domain = 'heartcited.com'; const params = 'ingredient\u003Dvitamin\u002De'; return ``; }, get activeSnippet() { return this.method === 'script' ? this.scriptSnippet : this.iframeSnippet; }, copySnippet() { navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.activeSnippet).then(() => { this.copied = true; setTimeout(() => { this.copied = false; }, 2000); }); } }" @keydown.escape.window="open = false" @click.outside="open = false">

Embed This Widget

Style

Widget powered by . Free, no account required.

About

Vitamin E is the primary lipid-soluble antioxidant in LDL particles and cell membranes. Despite strong mechanistic rationale, large RCTs have been disappointing. The HOPE trial (9,541 participants) found no cardiovascular benefit at 400 IU/day, and a 2005 meta-analysis found high-dose vitamin E (>=400 IU/day) was associated with increased all-cause mortality. Current AHA guidelines do not recommend vitamin E supplementation.

How It Works

Primary lipid-soluble antioxidant in LDL particles and cell membranes; inhibits LDL oxidation — a key early step in atherogenesis; modulates inflammatory gene expression via NF-kB inhibition; inhibits platelet adhesion and smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Evidence For Conditions

Condición	Calificación	Estudios	Participantes
Atherosclerosis	C	15	50000	Ver →

Side Effects

Increased bleeding risk at high doses
Possible increased all-cause mortality at >=400 IU/day
Increased heart failure hospitalization risk (HOPE/HOPE-TOO)
Nausea, diarrhea, fatigue at high doses

Drug & Supplement Interactions

Anticoagulants (increased bleeding risk)
Statins and niacin (may blunt HDL-raising effect)
Chemotherapy and radiation (theoretical interference with oxidative mechanisms)
Vitamin K (may antagonize at high doses)

Informe siempre a su profesional de salud sobre todos los suplementos que toma.Siempre informe a su profesional de salud sobre todos los suplementos que toma.

Related Ingredients

Vitamin D Vitamin K2 Niacin (Vitamin B3) Folate (Vitamin B9)

Datos rápidos

Dosificación: Note: High-dose supplementation no longer recommended based on clinical trial evidence; General: 15 mg/day (22.4 IU)
Formas: capsule softgel liquid
Fuentes naturales: Sunflower seeds, Almonds, Hazelnuts, Wheat germ oil, Spinach, Avocado
Límite superior: 1,000 mg/day (1,500 IU natural, 1,100 IU synthetic)
Mejor momento: With meals containing fat

Resumen de evidencia

Atherosclerosis C

Aviso legal FDA: Estas declaraciones no han sido evaluadas por la Food and Drug Administration. Los productos y la información en este sitio web no están destinados a diagnosticar, tratar, curar ni prevenir ninguna enfermedad. Las calificaciones de evidencia presentadas se basan en nuestro análisis de investigación publicada revisada por pares y no constituyen consejo médico. Siempre consulte a su profesional de salud antes de comenzar cualquier régimen de suplementos.