Calcium

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body, with 99% stored in bones and teeth. Beyond structural support, calcium is essential for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, hormone secretion, and blood clotting. Adequate vitamin D is required for optimal calcium absorption. Calcium supplementation is most evidence-based for postmenopausal bone health, though recent studies raise concerns about cardiovascular risk with high-dose calcium supplements. Dietary sources (dairy, leafy greens, fortified foods) are preferred over supplements when possible.